NumPy Tic-Tac-Toe Board Example

 

import numpy as np

def create_board():
  """Creates a 3x3 NumPy array representing an empty Tic-Tac-Toe board."""
  return np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=str)  # Initialize with empty strings

def display_board(board):
  """Displays the Tic-Tac-Toe board in a user-friendly format."""
  for row in board:
    print("| " + " | ".join(row) + " |")
    print("-" * 11)

def place_mark(board, row, col, mark):
  """Places a mark ('X' or 'O') on the board at the specified row and column."""
  if board[row, col] == "":  # Check if the cell is empty
    board[row, col] = mark
    return True
  else:
    print("That spot is already taken!")
    return False

def check_winner(board):
  """Checks if there is a winner on the board."""
  # Check rows
  for row in board:
    if row[0] == row[1] == row[2] != "":
      return row[0]

  # Check columns
  for col in range(3):
    if board[0, col] == board[1, col] == board[2, col] != "":
      return board[0, col]

  # Check diagonals
  if board[0, 0] == board[1, 1] == board[2, 2] != "":
    return board[0, 0]
  if board[0, 2] == board[1, 1] == board[2, 0] != "":
    return board[0, 2]

  return None  # No winner

# Main game loop
board = create_board()
current_player = "X"

while True:
  display_board(board)

  try:
    row = int(input(f"Player {current_player}, enter row (0-2): "))
    col = int(input(f"Player {current_player}, enter column (0-2): "))
  except ValueError:
    print("Invalid input. Please enter numbers between 0 and 2.")
    continue

  if 0 <= row <= 2 and 0 <= col <= 2:
    if place_mark(board, row, col, current_player):
      winner = check_winner(board)
      if winner:
        display_board(board)
        print(f"Player {winner} wins!")
        break
      elif np.all(board != ""): # Check for a draw
        display_board(board)
        print("It's a draw!")
        break
      else:
        # Switch players
        current_player = "O" if current_player == "X" else "X"
    else:
      continue # Ask for input again
  else:
    print("Invalid row or column. Please enter numbers between 0 and 2.")

-

Explanation:

1. create_board(): Creates a 3x3 NumPy array filled with empty strings (""). This represents the empty Tic-Tac-Toe board. The dtype=str is important to store 'X' and 'O' characters.
2. display_board(): Prints the board to the console in a readable format.
3. place_mark(): Places the player's mark ('X' or 'O') on the board at the specified row and column. It checks if the cell is already occupied.
4. check_winner(): Checks all possible winning combinations (rows, columns, diagonals) to determine if there's a winner.
5. Main Game Loop:
   • Initializes the board and sets the starting player to "X".
   • Continuously displays the board and prompts the current player for their move.
   • Validates the player's input (row and column).
   • Places the mark on the board if the cell is empty.
   • Checks for a winner or a draw after each move.
   • Switches to the other player if no winner or draw is detected.

How to Run:

1. Save the code as a Python file (e.g., tic_tac_toe.py).
2. Run the file from your terminal: python tic_tac_toe.py

This example demonstrates how NumPy arrays can be used to represent game boards and how NumPy's array indexing and manipulation capabilities can be used to implement game logic. It's a good starting point for exploring more complex game development projects with NumPy.